affaan-m/ECC/docs/ja-JP/skills/backend-patterns/SKILL.md
backend-patterns
Backend architecture patterns, API design, database optimization, and server-side best practices for Node.js, Express, and Next.js API routes.
- Source repository stars
- 234,327
- Declared platforms
- 0
- Static risk flags
- 1
- Last source update
- 2026-07-27
- Source checked
- 2026-07-28
Decision brief
What it does—and where it fits
スケーラブルなサーバーサイドアプリケーションのためのバックエンドアーキテクチャパターンとベストプラクティス。
Not for
- Tasks that require unconfirmed production actions or broad system permissions.
- Environments where the pinned source and install steps cannot be inspected.
Compatibility matrix
Platform support, with evidence labels
| Platform | Status | Evidence | What to check |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
| Claude Code | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
| Cursor | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
| Gemini CLI | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
Installation
Inspect first. Install second.
The source command is displayed only when detected. A safe inspection prompt is always available so your agent can explain every action before execution.
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/ja-JP/skills/backend-patterns"Inspect the Agent Skill "backend-patterns" from https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/blob/4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38/docs/ja-JP/skills/backend-patterns/SKILL.md at commit 4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38. List every install step, command, network request, credential, file read/write, external action, and rollback step. Explain whether it fits my task. Do not install or execute anything until I approve.
Workflow
What the source asks the agent to do
- 01
API設計パターン
Review the “API設計パターン” section in the pinned source before continuing.
Review and apply the “API設計パターン” source section. - 02
RESTful API構造
Review the “RESTful API構造” section in the pinned source before continuing.
Review and apply the “RESTful API構造” source section. - 03
リポジトリパターン
Review the “リポジトリパターン” section in the pinned source before continuing.
Review and apply the “リポジトリパターン” source section. - 04
サービスレイヤーパターン
Review the “サービスレイヤーパターン” section in the pinned source before continuing.
Review and apply the “サービスレイヤーパターン” source section. - 05
ミドルウェアパターン
Review the “ミドルウェアパターン” section in the pinned source before continuing.
Review and apply the “ミドルウェアパターン” source section.
Permission review
Static risk signals and limitations
Network access
The documentation includes network, browsing, or remote request actions.
const requests = this.requests.get(identifier) || []Evidence record
Why each signal appears
| Signal | Value | Evidence type | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quality score | 72/100 | Computed | Documentation, specificity, maintenance, and trust rules |
| Repository stars | 234,327 | Source | Repository attention, not individual Skill quality |
| Compatibility | 0 platforms | Source | Declared in the catalog source record |
| Usage guide | automated source guide | Editorial | Generated or reviewed according to the visible evidence level |
Pinned source
Provenance and original SKILL.md
- Repository
- affaan-m/ECC
- Skill path
- docs/ja-JP/skills/backend-patterns/SKILL.md
- Commit
- 4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38
- License
- MIT
- Collected
- 2026-07-28
- Default branch
- main
View the original SKILL.md
バックエンド開発パターン
スケーラブルなサーバーサイドアプリケーションのためのバックエンドアーキテクチャパターンとベストプラクティス。
API設計パターン
RESTful API構造
// PASS: リソースベースのURL
GET /api/markets # リソースのリスト
GET /api/markets/:id # 単一リソースの取得
POST /api/markets # リソースの作成
PUT /api/markets/:id # リソースの置換
PATCH /api/markets/:id # リソースの更新
DELETE /api/markets/:id # リソースの削除
// PASS: フィルタリング、ソート、ページネーション用のクエリパラメータ
GET /api/markets?status=active&sort=volume&limit=20&offset=0
リポジトリパターン
// データアクセスロジックの抽象化
interface MarketRepository {
findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise<Market[]>
findById(id: string): Promise<Market | null>
create(data: CreateMarketDto): Promise<Market>
update(id: string, data: UpdateMarketDto): Promise<Market>
delete(id: string): Promise<void>
}
class SupabaseMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {
async findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise<Market[]> {
let query = supabase.from('markets').select('*')
if (filters?.status) {
query = query.eq('status', filters.status)
}
if (filters?.limit) {
query = query.limit(filters.limit)
}
const { data, error } = await query
if (error) throw new Error(error.message)
return data
}
// その他のメソッド...
}
サービスレイヤーパターン
// ビジネスロジックをデータアクセスから分離
class MarketService {
constructor(private marketRepo: MarketRepository) {}
async searchMarkets(query: string, limit: number = 10): Promise<Market[]> {
// ビジネスロジック
const embedding = await generateEmbedding(query)
const results = await this.vectorSearch(embedding, limit)
// 完全なデータを取得
const markets = await this.marketRepo.findByIds(results.map(r => r.id))
// 類似度でソート
return markets.sort((a, b) => {
const scoreA = results.find(r => r.id === a.id)?.score || 0
const scoreB = results.find(r => r.id === b.id)?.score || 0
return scoreA - scoreB
})
}
private async vectorSearch(embedding: number[], limit: number) {
// ベクトル検索の実装
}
}
ミドルウェアパターン
// リクエスト/レスポンス処理パイプライン
export function withAuth(handler: NextApiHandler): NextApiHandler {
return async (req, res) => {
const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '')
if (!token) {
return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' })
}
try {
const user = await verifyToken(token)
req.user = user
return handler(req, res)
} catch (error) {
return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' })
}
}
}
// 使用方法
export default withAuth(async (req, res) => {
// ハンドラーはreq.userにアクセス可能
})
データベースパターン
クエリ最適化
// PASS: 良い: 必要な列のみを選択
const { data } = await supabase
.from('markets')
.select('id, name, status, volume')
.eq('status', 'active')
.order('volume', { ascending: false })
.limit(10)
// FAIL: 悪い: すべてを選択
const { data } = await supabase
.from('markets')
.select('*')
N+1クエリ防止
// FAIL: 悪い: N+1クエリ問題
const markets = await getMarkets()
for (const market of markets) {
market.creator = await getUser(market.creator_id) // Nクエリ
}
// PASS: 良い: バッチフェッチ
const markets = await getMarkets()
const creatorIds = markets.map(m => m.creator_id)
const creators = await getUsers(creatorIds) // 1クエリ
const creatorMap = new Map(creators.map(c => [c.id, c]))
markets.forEach(market => {
market.creator = creatorMap.get(market.creator_id)
})
トランザクションパターン
async function createMarketWithPosition(
marketData: CreateMarketDto,
positionData: CreatePositionDto
) {
// Supabaseトランザクションを使用
const { data, error } = await supabase.rpc('create_market_with_position', {
market_data: marketData,
position_data: positionData
})
if (error) throw new Error('Transaction failed')
return data
}
// SupabaseのSQL関数
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION create_market_with_position(
market_data jsonb,
position_data jsonb
)
RETURNS jsonb
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $$
BEGIN
-- トランザクションは自動的に開始
INSERT INTO markets VALUES (market_data);
INSERT INTO positions VALUES (position_data);
RETURN jsonb_build_object('success', true);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- ロールバックは自動的に発生
RETURN jsonb_build_object('success', false, 'error', SQLERRM);
END;
$$;
キャッシング戦略
Redisキャッシングレイヤー
class CachedMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {
constructor(
private baseRepo: MarketRepository,
private redis: RedisClient
) {}
async findById(id: string): Promise<Market | null> {
// 最初にキャッシュをチェック
const cached = await this.redis.get(`market:${id}`)
if (cached) {
return JSON.parse(cached)
}
// キャッシュミス - データベースから取得
const market = await this.baseRepo.findById(id)
if (market) {
// 5分間キャッシュ
await this.redis.setex(`market:${id}`, 300, JSON.stringify(market))
}
return market
}
async invalidateCache(id: string): Promise<void> {
await this.redis.del(`market:${id}`)
}
}
Cache-Asideパターン
async function getMarketWithCache(id: string): Promise<Market> {
const cacheKey = `market:${id}`
// キャッシュを試す
const cached = await redis.get(cacheKey)
if (cached) return JSON.parse(cached)
// キャッシュミス - DBから取得
const market = await db.markets.findUnique({ where: { id } })
if (!market) throw new Error('Market not found')
// キャッシュを更新
await redis.setex(cacheKey, 300, JSON.stringify(market))
return market
}
エラーハンドリングパターン
集中エラーハンドラー
class ApiError extends Error {
constructor(
public statusCode: number,
public message: string,
public isOperational = true
) {
super(message)
Object.setPrototypeOf(this, ApiError.prototype)
}
}
export function errorHandler(error: unknown, req: Request): Response {
if (error instanceof ApiError) {
return NextResponse.json({
success: false,
error: error.message
}, { status: error.statusCode })
}
if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
return NextResponse.json({
success: false,
error: 'Validation failed',
details: error.errors
}, { status: 400 })
}
// 予期しないエラーをログに記録
console.error('Unexpected error:', error)
return NextResponse.json({
success: false,
error: 'Internal server error'
}, { status: 500 })
}
// 使用方法
export async function GET(request: Request) {
try {
const data = await fetchData()
return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data })
} catch (error) {
return errorHandler(error, request)
}
}
指数バックオフによるリトライ
async function fetchWithRetry<T>(
fn: () => Promise<T>,
maxRetries = 3
): Promise<T> {
let lastError: Error
for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {
try {
return await fn()
} catch (error) {
lastError = error as Error
if (i < maxRetries - 1) {
// 指数バックオフ: 1秒、2秒、4秒
const delay = Math.pow(2, i) * 1000
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay))
}
}
}
throw lastError!
}
// 使用方法
const data = await fetchWithRetry(() => fetchFromAPI())
認証と認可
JWTトークン検証
import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken'
interface JWTPayload {
userId: string
email: string
role: 'admin' | 'user'
}
export function verifyToken(token: string): JWTPayload {
try {
const payload = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET!) as JWTPayload
return payload
} catch (error) {
throw new ApiError(401, 'Invalid token')
}
}
export async function requireAuth(request: Request) {
const token = request.headers.get('authorization')?.replace('Bearer ', '')
if (!token) {
throw new ApiError(401, 'Missing authorization token')
}
return verifyToken(token)
}
// APIルートでの使用方法
export async function GET(request: Request) {
const user = await requireAuth(request)
const data = await getDataForUser(user.userId)
return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data })
}
ロールベースアクセス制御
type Permission = 'read' | 'write' | 'delete' | 'admin'
interface User {
id: string
role: 'admin' | 'moderator' | 'user'
}
const rolePermissions: Record<User['role'], Permission[]> = {
admin: ['read', 'write', 'delete', 'admin'],
moderator: ['read', 'write', 'delete'],
user: ['read', 'write']
}
export function hasPermission(user: User, permission: Permission): boolean {
return rolePermissions[user.role].includes(permission)
}
export function requirePermission(permission: Permission) {
return (handler: (request: Request, user: User) => Promise<Response>) => {
return async (request: Request) => {
const user = await requireAuth(request)
if (!hasPermission(user, permission)) {
throw new ApiError(403, 'Insufficient permissions')
}
return handler(request, user)
}
}
}
// 使用方法 - HOFがハンドラーをラップ
export const DELETE = requirePermission('delete')(
async (request: Request, user: User) => {
// ハンドラーは検証済みの権限を持つ認証済みユーザーを受け取る
return new Response('Deleted', { status: 200 })
}
)
レート制限
シンプルなインメモリレートリミッター
class RateLimiter {
private requests = new Map<string, number[]>()
async checkLimit(
identifier: string,
maxRequests: number,
windowMs: number
): Promise<boolean> {
const now = Date.now()
const requests = this.requests.get(identifier) || []
// ウィンドウ外の古いリクエストを削除
const recentRequests = requests.filter(time => now - time < windowMs)
if (recentRequests.length >= maxRequests) {
return false // レート制限超過
}
// 現在のリクエストを追加
recentRequests.push(now)
this.requests.set(identifier, recentRequests)
return true
}
}
const limiter = new RateLimiter()
export async function GET(request: Request) {
const ip = request.headers.get('x-forwarded-for') || 'unknown'
const allowed = await limiter.checkLimit(ip, 100, 60000) // 100 req/分
if (!allowed) {
return NextResponse.json({
error: 'Rate limit exceeded'
}, { status: 429 })
}
// リクエストを続行
}
バックグラウンドジョブとキュー
シンプルなキューパターン
class JobQueue<T> {
private queue: T[] = []
private processing = false
async add(job: T): Promise<void> {
this.queue.push(job)
if (!this.processing) {
this.process()
}
}
private async process(): Promise<void> {
this.processing = true
while (this.queue.length > 0) {
const job = this.queue.shift()!
try {
await this.execute(job)
} catch (error) {
console.error('Job failed:', error)
}
}
this.processing = false
}
private async execute(job: T): Promise<void> {
// ジョブ実行ロジック
}
}
// マーケットインデックス作成用の使用方法
interface IndexJob {
marketId: string
}
const indexQueue = new JobQueue<IndexJob>()
export async function POST(request: Request) {
const { marketId } = await request.json()
// ブロッキングの代わりにキューに追加
await indexQueue.add({ marketId })
return NextResponse.json({ success: true, message: 'Job queued' })
}
ロギングとモニタリング
構造化ロギング
interface LogContext {
userId?: string
requestId?: string
method?: string
path?: string
[key: string]: unknown
}
class Logger {
log(level: 'info' | 'warn' | 'error', message: string, context?: LogContext) {
const entry = {
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
level,
message,
...context
}
console.log(JSON.stringify(entry))
}
info(message: string, context?: LogContext) {
this.log('info', message, context)
}
warn(message: string, context?: LogContext) {
this.log('warn', message, context)
}
error(message: string, error: Error, context?: LogContext) {
this.log('error', message, {
...context,
error: error.message,
stack: error.stack
})
}
}
const logger = new Logger()
// 使用方法
export async function GET(request: Request) {
const requestId = crypto.randomUUID()
logger.info('Fetching markets', {
requestId,
method: 'GET',
path: '/api/markets'
})
try {
const markets = await fetchMarkets()
return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data: markets })
} catch (error) {
logger.error('Failed to fetch markets', error as Error, { requestId })
return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal error' }, { status: 500 })
}
}
注意: バックエンドパターンは、スケーラブルで保守可能なサーバーサイドアプリケーションを実現します。複雑さのレベルに適したパターンを選択してください。
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affaan-m/ECC
backend-patterns
Backend architecture patterns, API design, database optimization, and server-side best practices for Node.js, Express, and Next.js API routes.
affaan-m/ECC
backend-patterns
Backend architecture patterns, API design, database optimization, and server-side best practices for Node.js, Express, and Next.js API routes.
affaan-m/ECC
backend-patterns
Backend architecture patterns, API design, database optimization, and server-side best practices for Node.js, Express, and Next.js API routes.
affaan-m/ECC
backend-patterns
Backend architecture patterns, API design, database optimization, and server-side best practices for Node.js, Express, and Next.js API routes.