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affaan-m/ECC/docs/zh-CN/skills/jpa-patterns/SKILL.md

jpa-patterns

Review jpa-patterns's use cases, installation, workflow, and original source instructions.

Source repository stars
234,327
Declared platforms
0
Static risk flags
0
Last source update
2026-07-27
Source checked
2026-07-28

Decision brief

What it does—and where it fits

用于 Spring Boot 中的数据建模、存储库和性能调优。

Best for

    Not for

    • Tasks that require unconfirmed production actions or broad system permissions.
    • Environments where the pinned source and install steps cannot be inspected.

    Compatibility matrix

    Platform support, with evidence labels

    PlatformStatusEvidenceWhat to check
    CodexNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Claude CodeNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    CursorNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Gemini CLINot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Open the compatibility checker

    Installation

    Inspect first. Install second.

    The source command is displayed only when detected. A safe inspection prompt is always available so your agent can explain every action before execution.

    Source-detected install commandSource
    npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/zh-CN/skills/jpa-patterns"
    Safe inspection promptEditorial

    Inspect the Agent Skill "jpa-patterns" from https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/blob/4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38/docs/zh-CN/skills/jpa-patterns/SKILL.md at commit 4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38. List every install step, command, network request, credential, file read/write, external action, and rollback step. Explain whether it fits my task. Do not install or execute anything until I approve.

    Workflow

    What the source asks the agent to do

    1. 01

      何时激活

      设计 JPA 实体和表映射时 定义关系时 (@OneToMany, @ManyToOne, @ManyToMany) 优化查询时 (N+1 问题预防、获取策略、投影) 配置事务、审计或软删除时 设置分页、排序或自定义存储库方法时 调整连接池 (HikariCP) 或二级缓存时

      设计 JPA 实体和表映射时定义关系时 (@OneToMany, @ManyToOne, @ManyToMany)优化查询时 (N+1 问题预防、获取策略、投影)
    2. 02

      实体设计

      Review the “实体设计” section in the pinned source before continuing.

      Review and apply the “实体设计” source section.
    3. 03

      关联关系和 N+1 预防

      默认使用延迟加载;需要时在查询中使用 JOIN FETCH 避免在集合上使用 EAGER;对于读取路径使用 DTO 投影

      默认使用延迟加载;需要时在查询中使用 JOIN FETCH避免在集合上使用 EAGER;对于读取路径使用 DTO 投影默认使用延迟加载;需要时在查询中使用 JOIN FETCH 避免在集合上使用 EAGER;对于读取路径使用 DTO 投影
    4. 04

      存储库模式

      使用投影进行轻量级查询:

      使用投影进行轻量级查询:

    Permission review

    Static risk signals and limitations

    No configured static risk pattern was detected

    This is not proof of safety. Runtime behavior, indirect dependencies, and hidden external systems are outside the static scan.

    Evidence record

    Why each signal appears

    EvidenceSourceComputedTestedEditorial
    SignalValueEvidence typeMeaning
    Quality score63/100ComputedDocumentation, specificity, maintenance, and trust rules
    Repository stars234,327SourceRepository attention, not individual Skill quality
    Compatibility0 platformsSourceDeclared in the catalog source record
    Usage guideautomated source guideEditorialGenerated or reviewed according to the visible evidence level

    Pinned source

    Provenance and original SKILL.md

    Repository
    affaan-m/ECC
    Skill path
    docs/zh-CN/skills/jpa-patterns/SKILL.md
    Commit
    4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38
    License
    MIT
    Collected
    2026-07-28
    Default branch
    main
    View the original SKILL.md

    JPA/Hibernate 模式

    用于 Spring Boot 中的数据建模、存储库和性能调优。

    何时激活

    • 设计 JPA 实体和表映射时
    • 定义关系时 (@OneToMany, @ManyToOne, @ManyToMany)
    • 优化查询时 (N+1 问题预防、获取策略、投影)
    • 配置事务、审计或软删除时
    • 设置分页、排序或自定义存储库方法时
    • 调整连接池 (HikariCP) 或二级缓存时

    实体设计

    @Entity
    @Table(name = "markets", indexes = {
      @Index(name = "idx_markets_slug", columnList = "slug", unique = true)
    })
    @EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
    public class MarketEntity {
      @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
      private Long id;
    
      @Column(nullable = false, length = 200)
      private String name;
    
      @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 120)
      private String slug;
    
      @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
      private MarketStatus status = MarketStatus.ACTIVE;
    
      @CreatedDate private Instant createdAt;
      @LastModifiedDate private Instant updatedAt;
    }
    

    启用审计:

    @Configuration
    @EnableJpaAuditing
    class JpaConfig {}
    

    关联关系和 N+1 预防

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "market", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
    private List<PositionEntity> positions = new ArrayList<>();
    
    • 默认使用延迟加载;需要时在查询中使用 JOIN FETCH
    • 避免在集合上使用 EAGER;对于读取路径使用 DTO 投影
    @Query("select m from MarketEntity m left join fetch m.positions where m.id = :id")
    Optional<MarketEntity> findWithPositions(@Param("id") Long id);
    

    存储库模式

    public interface MarketRepository extends JpaRepository<MarketEntity, Long> {
      Optional<MarketEntity> findBySlug(String slug);
    
      @Query("select m from MarketEntity m where m.status = :status")
      Page<MarketEntity> findByStatus(@Param("status") MarketStatus status, Pageable pageable);
    }
    
    • 使用投影进行轻量级查询:
    public interface MarketSummary {
      Long getId();
      String getName();
      MarketStatus getStatus();
    }
    Page<MarketSummary> findAllBy(Pageable pageable);
    

    事务

    • 使用 @Transactional 注解服务方法
    • 对读取路径使用 @Transactional(readOnly = true) 以进行优化
    • 谨慎选择传播行为;避免长时间运行的事务
    @Transactional
    public Market updateStatus(Long id, MarketStatus status) {
      MarketEntity entity = repo.findById(id)
          .orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException("Market"));
      entity.setStatus(status);
      return Market.from(entity);
    }
    

    分页

    PageRequest page = PageRequest.of(pageNumber, pageSize, Sort.by("createdAt").descending());
    Page<MarketEntity> markets = repo.findByStatus(MarketStatus.ACTIVE, page);
    

    对于类似游标的分页,在 JPQL 中包含 id > :lastId 并配合排序。

    索引和性能

    • 为常用过滤器添加索引(statusslug、外键)
    • 使用与查询模式匹配的复合索引(status, created_at
    • 避免 select *;仅投影需要的列
    • 使用 saveAllhibernate.jdbc.batch_size 进行批量写入

    连接池 (HikariCP)

    推荐属性:

    spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=20
    spring.datasource.hikari.minimum-idle=5
    spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=30000
    spring.datasource.hikari.validation-timeout=5000
    

    对于 PostgreSQL LOB 处理,添加:

    spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation=true
    

    缓存

    • 一级缓存是每个 EntityManager 的;避免在事务之间保持实体
    • 对于读取频繁的实体,谨慎考虑二级缓存;验证驱逐策略

    迁移

    • 使用 Flyway 或 Liquibase;切勿在生产中依赖 Hibernate 自动 DDL
    • 保持迁移的幂等性和可添加性;避免无计划地删除列

    测试数据访问

    • 首选使用 Testcontainers 的 @DataJpaTest 来镜像生产环境
    • 使用日志断言 SQL 效率:设置 logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUGlogging.level.org.hibernate.orm.jdbc.bind=TRACE 以查看参数值

    请记住:保持实体精简,查询有针对性,事务简短。通过获取策略和投影来预防 N+1 问题,并根据读写路径建立索引。

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