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affaan-m/ECC/docs/zh-CN/skills/kotlin-coroutines-flows/SKILL.md

kotlin-coroutines-flows

Use it for design tasks; the detail page covers purpose, installation, and practical steps.

Source repository stars
234,327
Declared platforms
0
Static risk flags
0
Last source update
2026-07-27
Source checked
2026-07-28

Decision brief

What it does—and where it fits

适用于 Android 和 Kotlin 多平台项目的结构化并发模式、基于 Flow 的响应式流以及协程测试。

Best for

    Not for

    • Tasks that require unconfirmed production actions or broad system permissions.
    • Environments where the pinned source and install steps cannot be inspected.

    Compatibility matrix

    Platform support, with evidence labels

    PlatformStatusEvidenceWhat to check
    CodexNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Claude CodeNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    CursorNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Gemini CLINot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Open the compatibility checker

    Installation

    Inspect first. Install second.

    The source command is displayed only when detected. A safe inspection prompt is always available so your agent can explain every action before execution.

    Source-detected install commandSource
    npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/zh-CN/skills/kotlin-coroutines-flows"
    Safe inspection promptEditorial

    Inspect the Agent Skill "kotlin-coroutines-flows" from https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/blob/4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38/docs/zh-CN/skills/kotlin-coroutines-flows/SKILL.md at commit 4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38. List every install step, command, network request, credential, file read/write, external action, and rollback step. Explain whether it fits my task. Do not install or execute anything until I approve.

    Workflow

    What the source asks the agent to do

    1. 01

      何时启用

      使用 Kotlin 协程编写异步代码 使用 Flow、StateFlow 或 SharedFlow 实现响应式数据 处理并发操作(并行加载、防抖、重试) 测试协程和 Flow 管理协程作用域与取消

      使用 Kotlin 协程编写异步代码使用 Flow、StateFlow 或 SharedFlow 实现响应式数据处理并发操作(并行加载、防抖、重试)
    2. 02

      结构化并发

      始终使用结构化并发——绝不使用 GlobalScope:

      始终使用结构化并发——绝不使用 GlobalScope:使用 coroutineScope + async 处理并行工作:当子协程失败不应取消同级协程时,使用 supervisorScope:
    3. 03

      作用域层级

      始终使用结构化并发——绝不使用 GlobalScope:

      始终使用结构化并发——绝不使用 GlobalScope:
    4. 04

      并行分解

      使用 coroutineScope + async 处理并行工作:

      使用 coroutineScope + async 处理并行工作:
    5. 05

      SupervisorScope

      当子协程失败不应取消同级协程时,使用 supervisorScope:

      当子协程失败不应取消同级协程时,使用 supervisorScope:

    Permission review

    Static risk signals and limitations

    No configured static risk pattern was detected

    This is not proof of safety. Runtime behavior, indirect dependencies, and hidden external systems are outside the static scan.

    Evidence record

    Why each signal appears

    EvidenceSourceComputedTestedEditorial
    SignalValueEvidence typeMeaning
    Quality score68/100ComputedDocumentation, specificity, maintenance, and trust rules
    Repository stars234,327SourceRepository attention, not individual Skill quality
    Compatibility0 platformsSourceDeclared in the catalog source record
    Usage guideautomated source guideEditorialGenerated or reviewed according to the visible evidence level

    Pinned source

    Provenance and original SKILL.md

    Repository
    affaan-m/ECC
    Skill path
    docs/zh-CN/skills/kotlin-coroutines-flows/SKILL.md
    Commit
    4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38
    License
    MIT
    Collected
    2026-07-28
    Default branch
    main
    View the original SKILL.md

    Kotlin 协程与 Flow

    适用于 Android 和 Kotlin 多平台项目的结构化并发模式、基于 Flow 的响应式流以及协程测试。

    何时启用

    • 使用 Kotlin 协程编写异步代码
    • 使用 Flow、StateFlow 或 SharedFlow 实现响应式数据
    • 处理并发操作(并行加载、防抖、重试)
    • 测试协程和 Flow
    • 管理协程作用域与取消

    结构化并发

    作用域层级

    Application
      └── viewModelScope (ViewModel)
            └── coroutineScope { } (结构化子作用域)
                  ├── async { } (并发任务)
                  └── async { } (并发任务)
    

    始终使用结构化并发——绝不使用 GlobalScope

    // BAD
    GlobalScope.launch { fetchData() }
    
    // GOOD — scoped to ViewModel lifecycle
    viewModelScope.launch { fetchData() }
    
    // GOOD — scoped to composable lifecycle
    LaunchedEffect(key) { fetchData() }
    

    并行分解

    使用 coroutineScope + async 处理并行工作:

    suspend fun loadDashboard(): Dashboard = coroutineScope {
        val items = async { itemRepository.getRecent() }
        val stats = async { statsRepository.getToday() }
        val profile = async { userRepository.getCurrent() }
        Dashboard(
            items = items.await(),
            stats = stats.await(),
            profile = profile.await()
        )
    }
    

    SupervisorScope

    当子协程失败不应取消同级协程时,使用 supervisorScope

    suspend fun syncAll() = supervisorScope {
        launch { syncItems() }       // failure here won't cancel syncStats
        launch { syncStats() }
        launch { syncSettings() }
    }
    

    Flow 模式

    Cold Flow —— 一次性操作到流的转换

    fun observeItems(): Flow<List<Item>> = flow {
        // Re-emits whenever the database changes
        itemDao.observeAll()
            .map { entities -> entities.map { it.toDomain() } }
            .collect { emit(it) }
    }
    

    用于 UI 状态的 StateFlow

    class DashboardViewModel(
        observeProgress: ObserveUserProgressUseCase
    ) : ViewModel() {
        val progress: StateFlow<UserProgress> = observeProgress()
            .stateIn(
                scope = viewModelScope,
                started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5_000),
                initialValue = UserProgress.EMPTY
            )
    }
    

    WhileSubscribed(5_000) 会在最后一个订阅者离开后,保持上游活动 5 秒——可在配置更改时存活而无需重启。

    组合多个 Flow

    val uiState: StateFlow<HomeState> = combine(
        itemRepository.observeItems(),
        settingsRepository.observeTheme(),
        userRepository.observeProfile()
    ) { items, theme, profile ->
        HomeState(items = items, theme = theme, profile = profile)
    }.stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5_000), HomeState())
    

    Flow 操作符

    // Debounce search input
    searchQuery
        .debounce(300)
        .distinctUntilChanged()
        .flatMapLatest { query -> repository.search(query) }
        .catch { emit(emptyList()) }
        .collect { results -> _state.update { it.copy(results = results) } }
    
    // Retry with exponential backoff
    fun fetchWithRetry(): Flow<Data> = flow { emit(api.fetch()) }
        .retryWhen { cause, attempt ->
            if (cause is IOException && attempt < 3) {
                delay(1000L * (1 shl attempt.toInt()))
                true
            } else {
                false
            }
        }
    

    用于一次性事件的 SharedFlow

    class ItemListViewModel : ViewModel() {
        private val _effects = MutableSharedFlow<Effect>()
        val effects: SharedFlow<Effect> = _effects.asSharedFlow()
    
        sealed interface Effect {
            data class ShowSnackbar(val message: String) : Effect
            data class NavigateTo(val route: String) : Effect
        }
    
        private fun deleteItem(id: String) {
            viewModelScope.launch {
                repository.delete(id)
                _effects.emit(Effect.ShowSnackbar("Item deleted"))
            }
        }
    }
    
    // Collect in Composable
    LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
        viewModel.effects.collect { effect ->
            when (effect) {
                is Effect.ShowSnackbar -> snackbarHostState.showSnackbar(effect.message)
                is Effect.NavigateTo -> navController.navigate(effect.route)
            }
        }
    }
    

    调度器

    // CPU-intensive work
    withContext(Dispatchers.Default) { parseJson(largePayload) }
    
    // IO-bound work
    withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { database.query() }
    
    // Main thread (UI) — default in viewModelScope
    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) { updateUi() }
    

    在 KMP 中,使用 Dispatchers.DefaultDispatchers.Main(在所有平台上可用)。Dispatchers.IO 仅适用于 JVM/Android——在其他平台上使用 Dispatchers.Default 或通过依赖注入提供。

    取消

    协作式取消

    长时间运行的循环必须检查取消状态:

    suspend fun processItems(items: List<Item>) = coroutineScope {
        for (item in items) {
            ensureActive()  // throws CancellationException if cancelled
            process(item)
        }
    }
    

    使用 try/finally 进行清理

    viewModelScope.launch {
        try {
            _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) }
            val data = repository.fetch()
            _state.update { it.copy(data = data) }
        } finally {
            _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = false) }  // always runs, even on cancellation
        }
    }
    

    测试

    使用 Turbine 测试 StateFlow

    @Test
    fun `search updates item list`() = runTest {
        val fakeRepository = FakeItemRepository().apply { emit(testItems) }
        val viewModel = ItemListViewModel(GetItemsUseCase(fakeRepository))
    
        viewModel.state.test {
            assertEquals(ItemListState(), awaitItem())  // initial
    
            viewModel.onSearch("query")
            val loading = awaitItem()
            assertTrue(loading.isLoading)
    
            val loaded = awaitItem()
            assertFalse(loaded.isLoading)
            assertEquals(1, loaded.items.size)
        }
    }
    

    使用 TestDispatcher 测试

    @Test
    fun `parallel load completes correctly`() = runTest {
        val viewModel = DashboardViewModel(
            itemRepo = FakeItemRepo(),
            statsRepo = FakeStatsRepo()
        )
    
        viewModel.load()
        advanceUntilIdle()
    
        val state = viewModel.state.value
        assertNotNull(state.items)
        assertNotNull(state.stats)
    }
    

    模拟 Flow

    class FakeItemRepository : ItemRepository {
        private val _items = MutableStateFlow<List<Item>>(emptyList())
    
        override fun observeItems(): Flow<List<Item>> = _items
    
        fun emit(items: List<Item>) { _items.value = items }
    
        override suspend fun getItemsByCategory(category: String): Result<List<Item>> {
            return Result.success(_items.value.filter { it.category == category })
        }
    }
    

    应避免的反模式

    • 使用 GlobalScope——会导致协程泄漏,且无法结构化取消
    • 在没有作用域的情况下于 init {} 中收集 Flow——应使用 viewModelScope.launch
    • MutableStateFlow 与可变集合一起使用——始终使用不可变副本:_state.update { it.copy(list = it.list + newItem) }
    • 捕获 CancellationException——应让其传播以实现正确的取消
    • 使用 flowOn(Dispatchers.Main) 进行收集——收集调度器是调用方的调度器
    • @Composable 中创建 Flow 而不使用 remember——每次重组都会重新创建 Flow

    参考

    关于 Flow 在 UI 层的消费,请参阅技能:compose-multiplatform-patterns。 关于协程在各层中的适用位置,请参阅技能:android-clean-architecture

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