Source profileQuality 62/100

affaan-m/ECC/docs/zh-CN/skills/swiftui-patterns/SKILL.md

swiftui-patterns

Use it for design tasks; the detail page covers purpose, installation, and practical steps.

Source repository stars
234,327
Declared platforms
0
Static risk flags
0
Last source update
2026-07-27
Source checked
2026-07-28

Decision brief

What it does—and where it fits

适用于 Apple 平台的现代 SwiftUI 模式,用于构建声明式、高性能的用户界面。涵盖 Observation 框架、视图组合、类型安全导航和性能优化。

Best for

    Not for

    • Tasks that require unconfirmed production actions or broad system permissions.
    • Environments where the pinned source and install steps cannot be inspected.

    Compatibility matrix

    Platform support, with evidence labels

    PlatformStatusEvidenceWhat to check
    CodexNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Claude CodeNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    CursorNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Gemini CLINot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Open the compatibility checker

    Installation

    Inspect first. Install second.

    The source command is displayed only when detected. A safe inspection prompt is always available so your agent can explain every action before execution.

    Source-detected install commandSource
    npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/zh-CN/skills/swiftui-patterns"
    Safe inspection promptEditorial

    Inspect the Agent Skill "swiftui-patterns" from https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/blob/4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38/docs/zh-CN/skills/swiftui-patterns/SKILL.md at commit 4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38. List every install step, command, network request, credential, file read/write, external action, and rollback step. Explain whether it fits my task. Do not install or execute anything until I approve.

    Workflow

    What the source asks the agent to do

    1. 01

      何时激活

      构建 SwiftUI 视图和管理状态时(@State、@Observable、@Binding) 使用 NavigationStack 设计导航流程时 构建视图模型和数据流时 优化列表和复杂布局的渲染性能时 在 SwiftUI 中使用环境值和依赖注入时

      构建 SwiftUI 视图和管理状态时(@State、@Observable、@Binding)使用 NavigationStack 设计导航流程时构建视图模型和数据流时
    2. 02

      状态管理

      使用 @Observable(而非 ObservableObject)—— 它跟踪属性级别的变更,因此 SwiftUI 只会重新渲染读取了已变更属性的视图:

      使用 @Observable(而非 ObservableObject)—— 它跟踪属性级别的变更,因此 SwiftUI 只会重新渲染读取了已变更属性的视图:用 @Environment 替换 @EnvironmentObject:
    3. 03

      属性包装器选择

      Review the “属性包装器选择” section in the pinned source before continuing.

      Review and apply the “属性包装器选择” source section.
    4. 04

      @Observable ViewModel

      使用 @Observable(而非 ObservableObject)—— 它跟踪属性级别的变更,因此 SwiftUI 只会重新渲染读取了已变更属性的视图:

      使用 @Observable(而非 ObservableObject)—— 它跟踪属性级别的变更,因此 SwiftUI 只会重新渲染读取了已变更属性的视图:

    Permission review

    Static risk signals and limitations

    No configured static risk pattern was detected

    This is not proof of safety. Runtime behavior, indirect dependencies, and hidden external systems are outside the static scan.

    Evidence record

    Why each signal appears

    EvidenceSourceComputedTestedEditorial
    SignalValueEvidence typeMeaning
    Quality score62/100ComputedDocumentation, specificity, maintenance, and trust rules
    Repository stars234,327SourceRepository attention, not individual Skill quality
    Compatibility0 platformsSourceDeclared in the catalog source record
    Usage guideautomated source guideEditorialGenerated or reviewed according to the visible evidence level

    Pinned source

    Provenance and original SKILL.md

    Repository
    affaan-m/ECC
    Skill path
    docs/zh-CN/skills/swiftui-patterns/SKILL.md
    Commit
    4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38
    License
    MIT
    Collected
    2026-07-28
    Default branch
    main
    View the original SKILL.md

    SwiftUI 模式

    适用于 Apple 平台的现代 SwiftUI 模式,用于构建声明式、高性能的用户界面。涵盖 Observation 框架、视图组合、类型安全导航和性能优化。

    何时激活

    • 构建 SwiftUI 视图和管理状态时(@State@Observable@Binding
    • 使用 NavigationStack 设计导航流程时
    • 构建视图模型和数据流时
    • 优化列表和复杂布局的渲染性能时
    • 在 SwiftUI 中使用环境值和依赖注入时

    状态管理

    属性包装器选择

    选择最适合的最简单包装器:

    包装器使用场景
    @State视图本地的值类型(开关、表单字段、Sheet 展示)
    @Binding指向父视图 @State 的双向引用
    @Observable 类 + @State拥有多个属性的自有模型
    @Observable 类(无包装器)从父视图传递的只读引用
    @Bindable指向 @Observable 属性的双向绑定
    @Environment通过 .environment() 注入的共享依赖项

    @Observable ViewModel

    使用 @Observable(而非 ObservableObject)—— 它跟踪属性级别的变更,因此 SwiftUI 只会重新渲染读取了已变更属性的视图:

    @Observable
    final class ItemListViewModel {
        private(set) var items: [Item] = []
        private(set) var isLoading = false
        var searchText = ""
    
        private let repository: any ItemRepository
    
        init(repository: any ItemRepository = DefaultItemRepository()) {
            self.repository = repository
        }
    
        func load() async {
            isLoading = true
            defer { isLoading = false }
            items = (try? await repository.fetchAll()) ?? []
        }
    }
    

    消费 ViewModel 的视图

    struct ItemListView: View {
        @State private var viewModel: ItemListViewModel
    
        init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = ItemListViewModel()) {
            _viewModel = State(initialValue: viewModel)
        }
    
        var body: some View {
            List(viewModel.items) { item in
                ItemRow(item: item)
            }
            .searchable(text: $viewModel.searchText)
            .overlay { if viewModel.isLoading { ProgressView() } }
            .task { await viewModel.load() }
        }
    }
    

    环境注入

    @Environment 替换 @EnvironmentObject

    // Inject
    ContentView()
        .environment(authManager)
    
    // Consume
    struct ProfileView: View {
        @Environment(AuthManager.self) private var auth
    
        var body: some View {
            Text(auth.currentUser?.name ?? "Guest")
        }
    }
    

    视图组合

    提取子视图以限制失效

    将视图拆分为小型、专注的结构体。当状态变更时,只有读取该状态的子视图会重新渲染:

    struct OrderView: View {
        @State private var viewModel = OrderViewModel()
    
        var body: some View {
            VStack {
                OrderHeader(title: viewModel.title)
                OrderItemList(items: viewModel.items)
                OrderTotal(total: viewModel.total)
            }
        }
    }
    

    用于可复用样式的 ViewModifier

    struct CardModifier: ViewModifier {
        func body(content: Content) -> some View {
            content
                .padding()
                .background(.regularMaterial)
                .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
        }
    }
    
    extension View {
        func cardStyle() -> some View {
            modifier(CardModifier())
        }
    }
    

    导航

    类型安全的 NavigationStack

    使用 NavigationStackNavigationPath 来实现程序化、类型安全的路由:

    @Observable
    final class Router {
        var path = NavigationPath()
    
        func navigate(to destination: Destination) {
            path.append(destination)
        }
    
        func popToRoot() {
            path = NavigationPath()
        }
    }
    
    enum Destination: Hashable {
        case detail(Item.ID)
        case settings
        case profile(User.ID)
    }
    
    struct RootView: View {
        @State private var router = Router()
    
        var body: some View {
            NavigationStack(path: $router.path) {
                HomeView()
                    .navigationDestination(for: Destination.self) { dest in
                        switch dest {
                        case .detail(let id): ItemDetailView(itemID: id)
                        case .settings: SettingsView()
                        case .profile(let id): ProfileView(userID: id)
                        }
                    }
            }
            .environment(router)
        }
    }
    

    性能

    为大型集合使用惰性容器

    LazyVStackLazyHStack 仅在视图可见时才创建它们:

    ScrollView {
        LazyVStack(spacing: 8) {
            ForEach(items) { item in
                ItemRow(item: item)
            }
        }
    }
    

    稳定的标识符

    ForEach 中始终使用稳定、唯一的 ID —— 避免使用数组索引:

    // Use Identifiable conformance or explicit id
    ForEach(items, id: \.stableID) { item in
        ItemRow(item: item)
    }
    

    避免在 body 中进行昂贵操作

    • 切勿在 body 内执行 I/O、网络调用或繁重计算
    • 使用 .task {} 处理异步工作 —— 当视图消失时它会自动取消
    • 在滚动视图中谨慎使用 .sensoryFeedback().geometryGroup()
    • 在列表中最小化使用 .shadow().blur().mask() —— 它们会触发屏幕外渲染

    遵循 Equatable

    对于 body 计算昂贵的视图,遵循 Equatable 以跳过不必要的重新渲染:

    struct ExpensiveChartView: View, Equatable {
        let dataPoints: [DataPoint] // DataPoint must conform to Equatable
    
        static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {
            lhs.dataPoints == rhs.dataPoints
        }
    
        var body: some View {
            // Complex chart rendering
        }
    }
    

    预览

    使用 #Preview 宏配合内联模拟数据以进行快速迭代:

    #Preview("Empty state") {
        ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: EmptyMockRepository()))
    }
    
    #Preview("Loaded") {
        ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: PopulatedMockRepository()))
    }
    

    应避免的反模式

    • 在新代码中使用 ObservableObject / @Published / @StateObject / @EnvironmentObject —— 迁移到 @Observable
    • 将异步工作直接放在 bodyinit 中 —— 使用 .task {} 或显式的加载方法
    • 在不拥有数据的子视图中将视图模型创建为 @State —— 改为从父视图传递
    • 使用 AnyView 类型擦除 —— 对于条件视图,优先选择 @ViewBuilderGroup
    • 在向 Actor 传递数据或从 Actor 接收数据时忽略 Sendable 要求

    参考

    查看技能:swift-actor-persistence 以了解基于 Actor 的持久化模式。 查看技能:swift-protocol-di-testing 以了解基于协议的 DI 和使用 Swift Testing 进行测试。

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