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affaan-m/ECC/docs/zh-CN/skills/compose-multiplatform-patterns/SKILL.md

compose-multiplatform-patterns

Use it for engineering and design tasks; the detail page covers purpose, installation, and practical steps.

Source repository stars
234,327
Declared platforms
0
Static risk flags
0
Last source update
2026-07-27
Source checked
2026-07-28

Decision brief

What it does—and where it fits

使用 Compose Multiplatform 和 Jetpack Compose 构建跨 Android、iOS、桌面和 Web 的共享 UI 的模式。涵盖状态管理、导航、主题和性能。

Best for

    Not for

    • Tasks that require unconfirmed production actions or broad system permissions.
    • Environments where the pinned source and install steps cannot be inspected.

    Compatibility matrix

    Platform support, with evidence labels

    PlatformStatusEvidenceWhat to check
    CodexNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Claude CodeNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    CursorNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Gemini CLINot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
    Open the compatibility checker

    Installation

    Inspect first. Install second.

    The source command is displayed only when detected. A safe inspection prompt is always available so your agent can explain every action before execution.

    Source-detected install commandSource
    npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/zh-CN/skills/compose-multiplatform-patterns"
    Safe inspection promptEditorial

    Inspect the Agent Skill "compose-multiplatform-patterns" from https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/blob/4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38/docs/zh-CN/skills/compose-multiplatform-patterns/SKILL.md at commit 4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38. List every install step, command, network request, credential, file read/write, external action, and rollback step. Explain whether it fits my task. Do not install or execute anything until I approve.

    Workflow

    What the source asks the agent to do

    1. 01

      何时启用

      构建 Compose UI(Jetpack Compose 或 Compose Multiplatform) 使用 ViewModel 和 Compose 状态管理 UI 状态 在 KMP 或 Android 项目中实现导航 设计可复用的可组合项和设计系统 优化重组和渲染性能

      构建 Compose UI(Jetpack Compose 或 Compose Multiplatform)使用 ViewModel 和 Compose 状态管理 UI 状态在 KMP 或 Android 项目中实现导航
    2. 02

      状态管理

      使用单个数据类表示屏幕状态。将其暴露为 StateFlow 并在 Compose 中收集:

      使用单个数据类表示屏幕状态。将其暴露为 StateFlow 并在 Compose 中收集:对于复杂屏幕,使用密封接口表示事件,而非多个回调 lambda:
    3. 03

      ViewModel + 单一状态对象

      使用单个数据类表示屏幕状态。将其暴露为 StateFlow 并在 Compose 中收集:

      使用单个数据类表示屏幕状态。将其暴露为 StateFlow 并在 Compose 中收集:
    4. 04

      在 Compose 中收集状态

      Review the “在 Compose 中收集状态” section in the pinned source before continuing.

      Review and apply the “在 Compose 中收集状态” source section.
    5. 05

      事件接收器模式

      对于复杂屏幕,使用密封接口表示事件,而非多个回调 lambda:

      对于复杂屏幕,使用密封接口表示事件,而非多个回调 lambda:

    Permission review

    Static risk signals and limitations

    No configured static risk pattern was detected

    This is not proof of safety. Runtime behavior, indirect dependencies, and hidden external systems are outside the static scan.

    Evidence record

    Why each signal appears

    EvidenceSourceComputedTestedEditorial
    SignalValueEvidence typeMeaning
    Quality score61/100ComputedDocumentation, specificity, maintenance, and trust rules
    Repository stars234,327SourceRepository attention, not individual Skill quality
    Compatibility0 platformsSourceDeclared in the catalog source record
    Usage guideautomated source guideEditorialGenerated or reviewed according to the visible evidence level

    Pinned source

    Provenance and original SKILL.md

    Repository
    affaan-m/ECC
    Skill path
    docs/zh-CN/skills/compose-multiplatform-patterns/SKILL.md
    Commit
    4e973d3eaf92d97f8d2e2d8abb39d8bdc8711b38
    License
    MIT
    Collected
    2026-07-28
    Default branch
    main
    View the original SKILL.md

    Compose 多平台模式

    使用 Compose Multiplatform 和 Jetpack Compose 构建跨 Android、iOS、桌面和 Web 的共享 UI 的模式。涵盖状态管理、导航、主题和性能。

    何时启用

    • 构建 Compose UI(Jetpack Compose 或 Compose Multiplatform)
    • 使用 ViewModel 和 Compose 状态管理 UI 状态
    • 在 KMP 或 Android 项目中实现导航
    • 设计可复用的可组合项和设计系统
    • 优化重组和渲染性能

    状态管理

    ViewModel + 单一状态对象

    使用单个数据类表示屏幕状态。将其暴露为 StateFlow 并在 Compose 中收集:

    data class ItemListState(
        val items: List<Item> = emptyList(),
        val isLoading: Boolean = false,
        val error: String? = null,
        val searchQuery: String = ""
    )
    
    class ItemListViewModel(
        private val getItems: GetItemsUseCase
    ) : ViewModel() {
        private val _state = MutableStateFlow(ItemListState())
        val state: StateFlow<ItemListState> = _state.asStateFlow()
    
        fun onSearch(query: String) {
            _state.update { it.copy(searchQuery = query) }
            loadItems(query)
        }
    
        private fun loadItems(query: String) {
            viewModelScope.launch {
                _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) }
                getItems(query).fold(
                    onSuccess = { items -> _state.update { it.copy(items = items, isLoading = false) } },
                    onFailure = { e -> _state.update { it.copy(error = e.message, isLoading = false) } }
                )
            }
        }
    }
    

    在 Compose 中收集状态

    @Composable
    fun ItemListScreen(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = koinViewModel()) {
        val state by viewModel.state.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
    
        ItemListContent(
            state = state,
            onSearch = viewModel::onSearch
        )
    }
    
    @Composable
    private fun ItemListContent(
        state: ItemListState,
        onSearch: (String) -> Unit
    ) {
        // Stateless composable — easy to preview and test
    }
    

    事件接收器模式

    对于复杂屏幕,使用密封接口表示事件,而非多个回调 lambda:

    sealed interface ItemListEvent {
        data class Search(val query: String) : ItemListEvent
        data class Delete(val itemId: String) : ItemListEvent
        data object Refresh : ItemListEvent
    }
    
    // In ViewModel
    fun onEvent(event: ItemListEvent) {
        when (event) {
            is ItemListEvent.Search -> onSearch(event.query)
            is ItemListEvent.Delete -> deleteItem(event.itemId)
            is ItemListEvent.Refresh -> loadItems(_state.value.searchQuery)
        }
    }
    
    // In Composable — single lambda instead of many
    ItemListContent(
        state = state,
        onEvent = viewModel::onEvent
    )
    

    导航

    类型安全导航(Compose Navigation 2.8+)

    将路由定义为 @Serializable 对象:

    @Serializable data object HomeRoute
    @Serializable data class DetailRoute(val id: String)
    @Serializable data object SettingsRoute
    
    @Composable
    fun AppNavHost(navController: NavHostController = rememberNavController()) {
        NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
            composable<HomeRoute> {
                HomeScreen(onNavigateToDetail = { id -> navController.navigate(DetailRoute(id)) })
            }
            composable<DetailRoute> { backStackEntry ->
                val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<DetailRoute>()
                DetailScreen(id = route.id)
            }
            composable<SettingsRoute> { SettingsScreen() }
        }
    }
    

    对话框和底部抽屉导航

    使用 dialog() 和覆盖层模式,而非命令式的显示/隐藏:

    NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
        composable<HomeRoute> { /* ... */ }
        dialog<ConfirmDeleteRoute> { backStackEntry ->
            val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<ConfirmDeleteRoute>()
            ConfirmDeleteDialog(
                itemId = route.itemId,
                onConfirm = { navController.popBackStack() },
                onDismiss = { navController.popBackStack() }
            )
        }
    }
    

    可组合项设计

    基于槽位的 API

    使用槽位参数设计可组合项以获得灵活性:

    @Composable
    fun AppCard(
        modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
        header: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
        content: @Composable ColumnScope.() -> Unit,
        actions: @Composable RowScope.() -> Unit = {}
    ) {
        Card(modifier = modifier) {
            Column {
                header()
                Column(content = content)
                Row(horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.End, content = actions)
            }
        }
    }
    

    修饰符顺序

    修饰符顺序很重要 —— 按此顺序应用:

    Text(
        text = "Hello",
        modifier = Modifier
            .padding(16.dp)          // 1. Layout (padding, size)
            .clip(RoundedCornerShape(8.dp))  // 2. Shape
            .background(Color.White) // 3. Drawing (background, border)
            .clickable { }           // 4. Interaction
    )
    

    KMP 平台特定 UI

    平台可组合项的 expect/actual

    // commonMain
    @Composable
    expect fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean)
    
    // androidMain
    @Composable
    actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
        val systemUiController = rememberSystemUiController()
        SideEffect { systemUiController.setStatusBarColor(Color.Transparent, darkIcons) }
    }
    
    // iosMain
    @Composable
    actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
        // iOS handles this via UIKit interop or Info.plist
    }
    

    性能

    用于可跳过重组的稳定类型

    当所有属性都稳定时,将类标记为 @Stable@Immutable

    @Immutable
    data class ItemUiModel(
        val id: String,
        val title: String,
        val description: String,
        val progress: Float
    )
    

    正确使用 key() 和惰性列表

    LazyColumn {
        items(
            items = items,
            key = { it.id }  // Stable keys enable item reuse and animations
        ) { item ->
            ItemRow(item = item)
        }
    }
    

    使用 derivedStateOf 延迟读取

    val listState = rememberLazyListState()
    val showScrollToTop by remember {
        derivedStateOf { listState.firstVisibleItemIndex > 5 }
    }
    

    避免在重组中分配内存

    // BAD — new lambda and list every recomposition
    items.filter { it.isActive }.forEach { ActiveItem(it, onClick = { handle(it) }) }
    
    // GOOD — key each item so callbacks stay attached to the right row
    val activeItems = remember(items) { items.filter { it.isActive } }
    activeItems.forEach { item ->
        key(item.id) {
            ActiveItem(item, onClick = { handle(item) })
        }
    }
    

    主题

    Material 3 动态主题

    @Composable
    fun AppTheme(
        darkTheme: Boolean = isSystemInDarkTheme(),
        dynamicColor: Boolean = true,
        content: @Composable () -> Unit
    ) {
        val colorScheme = when {
            dynamicColor && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S -> {
                if (darkTheme) dynamicDarkColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
                else dynamicLightColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
            }
            darkTheme -> darkColorScheme()
            else -> lightColorScheme()
        }
    
        MaterialTheme(colorScheme = colorScheme, content = content)
    }
    

    应避免的反模式

    • 在 ViewModel 中使用 mutableStateOf,而 MutableStateFlow 配合 collectAsStateWithLifecycle 对生命周期更安全
    • NavController 深入传递到可组合项中 —— 应传递 lambda 回调
    • @Composable 函数中进行繁重计算 —— 应移至 ViewModel 或 remember {}
    • 使用 LaunchedEffect(Unit) 作为 ViewModel 初始化的替代 —— 在某些设置中,它会在配置更改时重新运行
    • 在可组合项参数中创建新的对象实例 —— 会导致不必要的重组

    参考资料

    查看技能:android-clean-architecture 了解模块结构和分层。 查看技能:kotlin-coroutines-flows 了解协程和 Flow 模式。

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